Funded by the National Science Foundation, the Innovative Postdoctoral Entrepreneurial Research Fellowship (I-PERF) defines a new career pathway for entrepreneurial-minded doctorate degree holders in science and engineering (S&E). I-PERF addresses overlapping aims and directives of the NSF and the Small Business Administration (SBA) to: Accelerate innovation at small businesses that support federal government research needs. Broaden participation in small business innovative research and high-tech entrepreneurship. Provide non-academic opportunities to apply advanced knowledge under business constraints. Increase the number of high tech businesses started by under-served doctoral degree holders.